WARNING
The follow post contains mention of:
Rape, torture, physical abuse, children, sexual abuse.
Sylvia Likens was the third child born to parents Lester Likens (1926-2013) and Elizabeth “Betty” Frances (1927-1998). Her siblings were fraternal twins Diana and Denny, who were two years older, and fraternal twins Jenny and Benny, who were one year younger. Jenny was also disabled by polio. Lester and Betty were carnival workers, which lead to frequent moves, an unstable marriage, and financial difficulties. Sylvia and Jenny often boarded, or were forced to live with, relatives so they could continue to stay in school while their parents were on the road. To earn money, Sylvia babysat and ironed clothes.
While the youngest girls were staying with Betty, she was arrested for shoplifting. Since they had recently separated, Lester arranged for them to stay with Gertrude Baniszewski, as they were friends with six of her seven children, Paula (17), Stephanie (15), John Jr (12), Marie (11), Shirley (10), James (8), and Dennis “Denny” Jr (several months). They lived in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Gertrude was born September 19th, 1929. She married John (1926-2007) and had six or her seven children. He had a temper and divorced after ten more years. She then moved in with 22 year old Denis Lee Wright. He was abusive and left her soon after the birth of their son, Denny.
Lester knew the Baniszewski family was poor and didn’t pry into the living conditions of the house. He encouraged Gertrude to “straighten his daughters out” and sent $20 a week for their care.
Gertrude was described as haggard, underweight, asthmatic, depressed, and under stress of several failed marriages. If the $20 from Lester arrived late, she would beat Sylvia and Jenny on their bare behinds with a paddle. She accused Sylvia of stealing candy, and even humiliated her when she found out she had a boyfriend. Paula, who was pregnant at the time, kicked Sylvia in the genitals, accusing her of being pregnant.
Gertrude let her older children beat Sylvia and push her down the stairs for entertainment. At a church function, they forced Sylvia to eat a hot dog overloaded in condiments until she threw up, and forced her to eat that as well. When Sylvia was accused of prostitution, Gertrude delivered sermons about the filthiness of prostitutes and women in general. After she was accused of spreading rumors that Paula and Stephanie were prostitutes, Stephanie’s boyfriend Coy Hubbard was provoked into attacking Sylvia. Some local boys helped Gertrude abuse her. She encouraged them and Coy to torment Sylvia, which included:
- Extinguishing lit cigarettes on her skin over 100 times
- Beating
- Tying her up
- Burning her fingers with matches
- Lacerations
- Using her for judo practice, which involved throwing her violently against walls
- Burns with scalding hot water
- Rubbing salt in her wounds
- Eat feces and drink urine
- Strip naked and insert an empty Coke bottle into her vagina
Once Paula beat her with such force that she broken her own wrist. She then used her cast to beat Sylvia later. Gertrude forced Jenny to help in the beatings of her sister. If she refused to help, she was threatened with the same beatings.
Neighbors Raymond and Phyllis Vermillion soon moved in next door. They thought the Baniszewski residence was a good place to send their children. On two separate occasions they visited the home and witnessed the abused on Sylvia, but did not report it, as they were fearful of Gertrude and her family.
Sylvia soon became incontinent, which lead to her being locked in the basement. She was subjected to a bathing regime to “cleanse” her, which involved her entire body being covered in scalding water and rubbing salt on her burns. She was kept naked and rarely fed. Gertrude and John Jr often made her eat her own feces, as well as feces and urine from baby Denny’s diaper. Gertrude would charge the neighborhood kids five cents to see Sylvia’s naked body and abuse her.
Trying to get the neighbors attention, Sylvia would hit the walls of the basement with a spade, to no avail. Her and Jenny had no way to contact their family to tell them of the horrible abuse. Jenny was threatened by Gertrude with the abuse and torture she gave Sylvia.
One day at a local park that summer, they ran into their older sister, Diana. She was 18, married, and unknowingly lived less than a mile and a half away. She was estranged from her family and they were forbidden to contact her. Jenny and Sylvia thought maybe their abuse was because they made contact with Diana. She tried to come visit her sister, but Gertrude refused and ordered her off her property.
Eventually, a neighbor anonymously reported the Baniszewski family’s living conditions. They were visited by a public health nurse, who made inquiries about Sylvia. Gertrude told the nurse she had kicked her out and her whereabouts were unknown. The nurse was forced to leave with no further investigation.
Soon, Sylvia was no longer allowed to attend school after Gertrude found out she stole a gym uniform after refusing to buy her one of her own.
On October 22, Gertrude forced Sylvia to insert the empty Coke bottle into her vagina after finding out she wet herself. She then carved “I’M A PROSTITUTE AND PROUD OF IT” onto Sylvia’s stomach with a heated needle, having Richard finish the job. He and Shirley then attempted to carve an “S” onto her chest with an iron poker. Gertrude said Sylvia would never be able to get married, due to the horrible words etched into her skin.
The next day, Gertrude awoke her to write a fake letter, misleading her family to think she had run away. The injuries she sustained were blamed on an anonymous group of boys who had attacked her after she agreed to have sex with them. Gertrude then formed a plan to have John and Jenny blindfold Sylvia and abandon her to die in Jimmy’s forest, a wooded area nearby. Upon hearing this plan, she tried to escape. Her injuries were too severe, and she only made it to the front door before Gertrude violently threw her into the basement. Coy then helped tie her up, beat and bludgeon her with a chair, paddle, and broomstick until unconscious. Sylvia was only given crackers to eat, which pushed her further into dehydration. Jenny stated later that her sister was so dehydrated, she was unable to form tears at this point.
When Stephanie and Richard realized she wasn’t breathing, Stephanie attempted mouth-to-mouth, with no success. She sent Richard to a nearby payphone to call police.
On October 26th, after multiple beatings, burnings, and scalding baths, Sylvia Likens succumbed to her injuries and died of a brain hemorrhage, shock, and malnutrition at 16 years old.
Gertrude gave the police the fake letter. Before they left, Jenny took them aside to state, “Get me out of here and I’ll tell you everything.” Her statement, combined with Sylvia’s body, lead to the arrest of Gertrude, Paula, Stephanie, John Jr, Richard, and Coy. Some neighboring children were also arrested for injury to person; Mike Munroe, Randy Lepper, Marlene McQuire, Judy Duke, and Anna Siscoe. Gertrude and her children were held without bail.
Sylvia’s autopsy showed burns, bruises, muscle damage, and nerve damage. All of her fingernails were broken backwards. Most of the outer layer of her skin was peeled off. They thought all of this damage was caused by a mad man. As she was dying, she had bit through both of her lips, partially severing them. Her vaginal cavity was nearly swollen shut, but it was determined she was still a virgin, therefore never pregnant, nor a prostitute. Her official cause of death was a brain hemorrhage and shock from severe prolonged damage to her skin.
Gertrude denied being responsible for Sylvia’s death. The trial was made highly public. She pled not guilty by reason of insanity. She was too distracted by her ill health and depression to control her children. Paula was 17, John Jr 13, Richard 15, and Coy 15. Their attorneys claimed they were pressured by Gertrude. Marie (11) broke on the stand and confessed she was forced to heat the needle Richard used, and that she saw her mother beating Sylvia and forcing her into the basement.
Gertrude’s lawyer stated, “I condemn her for being a murderess… but I say she’s not responsible as she’s not all there!” Tapping his head. On May 19th 1966, she was convicted of first degree murder. She was spared the death penalty and sentenced to life in prison.
During the trial, Paula gave birth to a baby girl, naming her Gertrude. She was sentenced to second degree murder with life in prison, and her daughter was put up for adoption.
Richard Hobbs, Coy Hubbard, and John Jr were convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 2-21 years in prison. They served two years and were paroled in 1968.
In 1971, Gertrude and Paula were granted another trial by the Indiana Supreme Court due to the prejudicial atmosphere from heavy media publicity before and during the trial. Paula pled guilty to voluntary manslaughter and was released one year later. Gertrude was, again, convicted of first degree murder and life in prison.
Over the next 14 years, Gertrude became a model prisoner at Indiana’s Women’s Prison. She worked in sewing shops and became a mother figure to the younger prisoners, who started calling her “Mom.” In 1985, she was up for parole. Jenny Likens and her family spoke out against her on TV. Two anti-crime groups, Protect the Innocent and Society’s League Against Molestation, traveled to Indiana to oppose her parole and support the Likens family. Over the next two months, they collected over 40,000 signatures of citizens of Indiana, but Gertrude was still granted parole. “I’m not sure what role I had in it because I was on drugs.I never really knew her… I take full responsibility for whatever happened to Sylvia.” She claimed. The parole board took her good behavior into account and voted 3-2 for her freedom. She was released on October 4th, 1985 and moved to Laurel, Iowa. Gertrude changed her name to Nadine Van Fossan, using her middle and maiden names, where she lived in obscurity until her death of lung cancer on June 16th, 1990 at 60 years old.
Jenny married and moved to Beech Grove, Indiana. Upon Gertrude’s death, she mailed the newspaper obituary to her mother, saying, “Some good news. Damn old Gertrude died. Ha ha ha! I am happy about that.” Jenny eventually died of a heart attack on June 23rd, 2004 at 54 years old.
Richard died of cancer January 2nd, 1972 at 21 years old, four years after his release from reformatory.
John Jr turned his life around. He died of diabetes at a General Hospital in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on May 19th at 52.
Coy Hubbard was in and out of prison. He was charged with the murder of two men, which was later acquitted. He died of a heart attack on June 23rd, 2009 at 56 years old in Shelbyville, Indiana. He left behind a wife, five children, 17 grandchildren, and one great-grandchild.
Paula got 21 years to life. In 1971, she tried to escape from prison on two separate occasions. In 1972, she was released on parole with a new identity. She married, had two children, and currently lives in a small town in Indiana. She was a counselor aid in a school for 14 years, but was fired in 2012 when they found out about her past and fake name.
Marie’s charges were dropped after she turned against her family on the stand. She changed her name and became a teacher.
All the injury to person charges were dropped against the other neighborhood children.
The house the Baniszewski family lived in was demolished on April 23rd, 2009. A six foot granite memorial was erected in Willard Park on June 22nd, 2001.
This story inspired two nonfiction books, five fiction books, two films, a play, and an art piece.
If I have missed something you deem important regarding this story, please feel free to let me know, and I will add edits.
Sources
Wikipedia
My Favorite Murder (Podcast; episode 16)